The first part of the chapter introduces the distinction between internal and external criticism, as it is commonly understood, and goes on to explain how it has been employed by Richard Rorty in a historiographical context to distinguish between rational and historical reconstructions as well as Geistesgeschichte and intellectual history. The second part of the chapter presents an analysis of Dewey’s conception of criticism as it is developed primarily in Art as Experience’s chapter on ‘Criticism and Perception.’ This part not only argues that Dewey’s critical ideal constitutes a form of internal criticism but also claims that it applies not just to art in a narrow sense but also to the art of philosophizing. The third part of the chapter goes on to describe Dewey’s conception of philosophy as a particular way of critically converting cultural crisis into consciousness before explaining how this conception not only led him to think that internal criticism is eminently important within philosophy but also that it is not incompatible with external criticism. The final part of the chapter explains how Dewey’s special way of thinking about criticism informs this book’s own analysis of analytic philosophers’ critical engagement with Dewey.