Microplastic contamination is now a major environmental problem that threatens both human health and ecosystems worldwide. To lessen the effects of microplastics, water sources must be effectively cleaned of the particles. Advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) have shown promise as methods for breaking down and getting rid of microplastics. Ozonation, photocatalysis, and Fenton-like reactions are a few AOPs that have demonstrated a great deal of promise for the degradation of microplastics. These procedures produce extremely reactive species, like hydroxyl radicals, which have the ability to mineralize microplastics into innocuous by-products or even break them down into smaller bits. The selection of photocatalysts, the circumstances of the reaction, and the physicochemical characteristics of microplastics are some of the variables that affect the effectiveness of photocatalytic oxidation. All things considered, photocatalytic oxidation presents a viable method for removing microplastics from water, protecting human health and aquatic ecosystems.