In the concluding chapter, Labeeb Bsoul synthesises the historical trajectories and ideological contestations that defined the early Arab-Zionist struggle over Palestine. Bsoul emphasises the asymmetry in political power, international support, and strategic positioning between the Zionist movement and the Arab resistance. He argues that the Zionist strategy—rooted in diplomacy, alliances with global powers, and legal manipulation—ultimately succeeded in overshadowing Arab efforts, which were fragmented and often hampered by colonial legacies. However, Bsoul stresses that despite the Zionist political and territorial gains, the Arab quest for justice persisted through various means, from intellectual advocacy to armed resistance. The conclusion highlights that understanding the nuances of these early interactions is essential for comprehending the continued complexities of the Palestinian struggle, which remains unresolved. Bsoul calls for reevaluating historical narratives to promote a more equitable understanding of the conflict’s origins, urging scholars to reconsider the framework of justice and legitimacy in this deeply rooted dispute.