Chronic paronychia is defined as nail fold inflammation lasting more than 6 weeks in duration [1]. Unlike acute paronychia, which typically arises from a bacterial or fungal infection, chronic paronychia stems primarily from repeated exposure to irritants and allergens, leading to a complex cycle of inflammation characterized by erythema, edema, fibrosis, and subsequent retraction of nail folds [1, 2]. The persistent inflammation compromises the protective barrier of the nail fold, often leading to secondary infections or fungal colonization. Candida spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most commonly cultured organisms [2, 3]. Several medications have been implicated in drug-induced paronychia, either acute or chronic. The reported drug culprits include antiretroviral protease inhibitors (indinavir and lamivudine), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors (cetuximab, gefitinib, and lapatinib), EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (gefitinib, erlotinib, and osimertinib), and retinoids (isotretinoin, etretinate, and acitretin) [1, 4–9].

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Chronic Paronychia

  • Yuna Oh,
  • Shari R. Lipner

摘要

Chronic paronychia is defined as nail fold inflammation lasting more than 6 weeks in duration [1]. Unlike acute paronychia, which typically arises from a bacterial or fungal infection, chronic paronychia stems primarily from repeated exposure to irritants and allergens, leading to a complex cycle of inflammation characterized by erythema, edema, fibrosis, and subsequent retraction of nail folds [1, 2]. The persistent inflammation compromises the protective barrier of the nail fold, often leading to secondary infections or fungal colonization. Candida spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most commonly cultured organisms [2, 3]. Several medications have been implicated in drug-induced paronychia, either acute or chronic. The reported drug culprits include antiretroviral protease inhibitors (indinavir and lamivudine), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors (cetuximab, gefitinib, and lapatinib), EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (gefitinib, erlotinib, and osimertinib), and retinoids (isotretinoin, etretinate, and acitretin) [1, 4–9].