Based on our ethnographic data on the lives of refugee women during the socialist period in those two host countries, this paper seeks to explore the formation and establishment of a new status for Greek refugee women. Drawing on the “historicity” of the category of gender analysis, we seek to highlight how and whether the so-called socialist context in which these refugee women lived and also their perception of themselves were transformed. We explore these questions in a comparative perspective examining their life in pre-war Greece and life in so-called socialist Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia focusing on their narratives about work and education.