Porous Edges for Flow Noise Reduction: From Theory to Application
摘要
Turbulent boundary layer trailing-edge noise is a prevalent source of flow-generated noise in many aero- and hydrodynamic systems. This noise can be mitigated by the application of porosity on the lifting surface, which is inspired by the porous trailing edge of many owl species. An overview of the use of porosity for flow noise attenuation is presented, starting from early theoretical analyses and acoustic studies of owl wings. Previous experimental and analytical approaches to reduce wing noise using porosity are reviewed, including the identification of a dimensionless parameter that links surface porosity to the acoustic field. Theoretical results on how this parameter controls the acoustic scaling on flow speed are discussed. Furthermore, this parameter is adapted for use in a wind-tunnel validation effort for sound intensity and directivity dependence on porosity, as well as in the design of an owl-inspired glider for onboard surface pressure measurements in flight. Preliminary acoustic results for a specific porosity configuration show that the presence of porosity reduces surface pressure levels at frequencies less than 3 kHz at low flight speeds, while excess noise is created by the porosity at frequencies greater than 3 kHz for low flight speeds and at all frequencies for higher flight speeds.