The past two decades have seen considerable innovation in the domain of nerve repair and regeneration. Promising paths include improving the substrates used for nerve repair (e.g., Schwann cell transplantation, stem cell-based tissue-engineered grafts), accelerating the nerve regeneration process (e.g., administration of biologic growth factors, electrical stimulation), and augmenting recovery of function (e.g., myoelectric prosthetics). Many of these novel therapies require further study and testing in humans before widespread clinical adoption can be considered.