Pragmatic Functions of Emojis
摘要
If asked about why they resort to emojis in their messaging conversations, most users will probably underline that emojis aid in the interpretation of the texts situated next to them, texts which exhibit obvious limitations in terms of expressiveness, for instance, and emojis provide users with the essential nonverbal behaviour that would be produced in face-to-face scenarios while the verbal interaction is taking place, even if other purposes (humour, bonding, etc.) also underlie everyday uses of emojis. This role of support for contextualisation becomes essential to disambiguate certain utterances and, overall, to guide the audience in the right inferential direction, a nonverbal behaviour that is missing in typed-text-based conversations on messaging apps and other social media (Cavalheiro et al. 2023; Dhawan 2021). Despite this being undeniably true, emojis may perform a more varied range of pragmatic functions than the familiar one just mentioned. This chapter specifically pursues to extend and further exemplify the proposal of three sets of functions initially made in Yus (2019a) with new examples extracted from the corpus of messaging interactions collected for this book. The chapter has as its aim to emphasise the crucial role that emojis play in everyday virtual interactions as well as the extent to which context is key to emoji functions, both because emojis help with contextualisation and because emojis themselves need a substantial amount of contextual support, so that they can be properly understood beyond the default visual referent which they depict.