In recent years, safety concerns regarding the bottom of new energy vehicles, particularly the traction battery system, have escalated due to potential severe safety incidents such as fires, owing to collisions and impacts from road obstacles. This study employed simulation methods to analyze the impact of road obstacles on the traction battery system and investigated how impact energy influences its structural safety. In this study, it was observed that battery pack bottom plates of different materials exhibited varying capacities, resisting foreign object impacts. Results indicated that an impact energy of 150 J was equivalent to a 10 kg foreign object colliding with the bottom of the battery pack at a speed of ~20 km/h. Furthermore, as the impact energy increased, battery cells were prone to compression damage. Additionally, under similar conditions, the impact resistance of aluminum plates significantly lagged behind that of steel substrates within battery systems. The study analyzed the bottom impact safety performance of traction battery systems under different damage factors, offering crucial reference and data support for the design of reasonable bottom impact resistance performance goals for new energy vehicle traction battery systems.