Resilience thinking has become a dominant concept in science and policy-making and has been closely connected over the last decade with the EU’s foreign and security strategies and policies. This chapter reviews the conceptual developments of resilience and the main controversies highlighted in the literature regarding the EU’s Foreign and Security Policy. It also provides an in-depth analysis of the integration of resilience thinking in the Eastern Partnership (EaP) approaches. The analysis is based on a mix of review methods, including bibliometric analysis, content analysis, and meta-analysis, applied to 46 public documents (strategies, action plans, programs) related to the EaP, elaborated by the EU between 2014 and 2023 and included in the EU’s External Action Service (EEAS) database. The main conclusion is that resilience thinking in the EaP approach does not introduce a radical paradigm shift in EU Foreign and Security Policy. Instead, the change is programmatic and oriented towards strengthening the performance of EU actions in EaP countries. It also capitalizes the contributions of local actors and communities, reinforcing the “bottom-up” approach from an enhanced institutional perspective.