Insomnia is a common sleep problem that affects approximately one-third of the general population. It is frequently associated with other psychiatric and neurodevelopmental comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). If left untreated, insomnia may lead to a constellation of negative impacts, including an increased risk of health-related problems (e.g., cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes obesity, pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression). Moreover, insomnia has been associated with subjective cognitive complaints and objective impairments in cognitive function. Specifically, it has been linked to impaired inhibitory control, which may increase the likelihood of risk-taking and impulsive behaviors. While some studies showed a positive association between insomnia and self-reported impulsivity, the evidence regarding the relationship between insomnia and inhibitory control, as assessed by objective behavioral tasks, remains inconclusive. On the other hand, electroencephalography (EEG) studies have shown altered inhibitory control in individuals with insomnia. Furthermore, there has been preliminary evidence, yet limited, showing that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has positive effects on improving inhibitory control, suggesting that targeting sleep could be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve cognitive functioning. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between insomnia and inhibitory control by considering evidence from self-reports, behavioral measures, and EEG-based tasks. In addition, this chapter explores the effects of insomnia interventions on inhibitory control, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies and their efficacy in addressing cognitive deficits associated with insomnia.