Personality disorders are complex mental health conditions characterized by enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from cultural expectations, leading to distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Emerging evidence suggests a significant role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and symptomatology of personality disorders. This review explores the interplay between personality disorders and the gut microbiota, highlighting the evidence linking gut microbiota composition to personality traits and disorders, mechanisms underlying their interaction, and the impact of gut dysbiosis on personality disorders. Additionally, the review discusses the modulating effects of dietary and lifestyle factors, environmental and host factors, and therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota in personality disorders. The potential applications of gut microbiota research in clinical practice and opportunities for personalized medicine and targeted therapeutic interventions are also discussed. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the role of the gut microbiota in personality disorders and suggest promising prospects for advancing the management and treatment of personality disorders through gut microbiota modulation.