Chronic non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity and create major challenges for healthcare. Virtual reality is a computer-generated simulation technology that can enable users to perform interactive activities in an artificial environment similar to real-world events and objects. Virtual reality has a wide range of applications in patients’ care and health promotion to enhance psychological aspects of chronic non-communicable diseases management. According to viewing mediums, virtual reality can be categorized into non-immersive, semi-immersive, and immersive systems. The four key psychological constructs of virtual reality are presence, motivation, engagement, and distraction. Emerging empirical evidence has supported the role of virtual reality in addressing anxiety, depression, distress, fear, and pain, as well as promoting self-efficacy, motivation, and active participation in a variety of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and chronic kidney disease.