This chapter looks at common beliefs about depression and its relationship to other aspects of mental health. It describes different research traditions related to lay conceptions of mental disorders: public attitudes, lay theories, and mental health literacy. It then presents the new approach suggesting that depression literacy is only one of two aspects that should be considered when discussing the broader concept of beliefs about depression; the second one—misconceptions about depression, although interrelated to depression literacy—is a separate construct. Finally, this chapter emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between these two components, because what people know and what they believe about depression influence not only attitudes towards people diagnosed with depression but also the intention to seek help.