Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) for strengthening existing masonry structures are widely used these days as a sustainable solution. The system is comprised of textile fibers embedded in an inorganic matrix, typically cement or lime-based mortars, and is utilized over the surface of the substrate. Despite extensive research on the mechanical properties of these composite systems, there is still a lack of knowledge on their long-term performance and durability. The present study aims to elevate understanding in this field by investigating the bond behavior of TRM composites after being exposed to acidic attacks using a single lap shear test. For this purpose, clay brick as a substrate, a lime-based mortar, and two different fabrics including basalt and glass fabric have been employed to construct single-lap shear specimens. Specimens were then kept in an acidic solution to simulate accelerated aging conditions, keeping the temperature and pH of the solution constant. These specimens were tested after 1000, 3000, and 5000 h of exposure to evaluate their bond behavior compared to the control specimens at the same age. Moreover, the effect of the acidic environment on the material properties of the composite constituents was investigated. Elastic modulus tests have been conducted on cylindrical samples of mortar and were compared to the references. The results revealed that as exposure time increased, the mortar exhibited considerable deterioration, causing a change in the failure mode of the TRM composite. Finally, each specimen's strength, stiffness, and failure mode have been identified and compared to the reference stage to derive design parameters for various field applications.