In this study, the penetration resistance of composites including cork agglomerates was investigated. A comparative approach was employed to demonstrate the efficiency of agglomerated cork in protective structures. For this reason, the specimens were designed using common protective materials, such as polyurethane and aramid textiles. From the impact test results, aramid fabric layers provide a certain level of protection under spike stabbing conditions. The stacking sequence of the aramid layers is of great importance; assembling the fabrics with different orientation angles is effective in enhancing the protective performance of the structures. Polyurethane foam is an important material for attenuating impact energies and consequently lowering the penetration depth of impacting threats. However, agglomerated cork outperforms polyurethane foam in protection performance due to its closed-cell microstructure. In addition to its excellent protection performance, cork agglomerates offer eco-friendly and sustainable solutions for protective applications.