Advancements in robotics and bioengineering have steered toward the emulation of biological muscle systems with robotic actuators to achieve a synthesis of mechanical strength and biological adaptability. One area that has been the subject of relatively few investigations, however, is mimicking the pulse-like control of muscles. Muscles contract in response to action potentials generated in motoneurons. Previous investigations have found that muscle contractile force is highly dependent on the timing between action potentials. This study investigates the influence of pulse lengths and the inter-pulse gap on the performance of braided pneumatic actuators (BPAs), devices characterized by their nonlinearity and dynamic response akin to biological muscles. Our research hypothesizes that pulse-based control strategies used in artificial muscles will closely resemble the same force dependence on inter-pulse intervals that is seen in biological muscles. We present an analysis of the maximum force output of BPAs as a function of pulse length and pulse timing, illustrating a discernible pattern of force augmentation related to pulse durations and inter-pulse gaps. The pulse lengths tested were 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ms. In these tests, two pulses were provided to the artificial muscles with varying inter-pulse intervals, ranging from 500 ms to 1 ms. The force and pressure in the muscles were recorded during the pulses. The corresponding max recorded forces were 71, 105, 136, 158, 182, 204, and 205 N. When these max forces were normalized by the force the muscle produced under a single short pulse, the max forces were 3.55, 3.38, 3.16, 2.63, 2.52, 2.41, and 2.2, respectively. Our findings suggest that using artificial muscles with a bio-inspired pulse-based control scheme may provide increased biomimetic capabilities when compared to other control schemes, with the maximum force being recorded with a pulse gap interval of approximately 27 ms, regardless of the pulse duration. The experimental design did not include a full factorial test, and the scope of our claims is limited to the specific pulse durations and gaps tested. Future research should explore a wider range of pulse combinations to fully understand the optimal control strategies for BPAs.

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Pulse Modulation in Braided Pneumatic Actuators Mimics Contractile Behavior of Biological Muscles

  • Mohammad Elzein,
  • Alexander Hunt

摘要

Advancements in robotics and bioengineering have steered toward the emulation of biological muscle systems with robotic actuators to achieve a synthesis of mechanical strength and biological adaptability. One area that has been the subject of relatively few investigations, however, is mimicking the pulse-like control of muscles. Muscles contract in response to action potentials generated in motoneurons. Previous investigations have found that muscle contractile force is highly dependent on the timing between action potentials. This study investigates the influence of pulse lengths and the inter-pulse gap on the performance of braided pneumatic actuators (BPAs), devices characterized by their nonlinearity and dynamic response akin to biological muscles. Our research hypothesizes that pulse-based control strategies used in artificial muscles will closely resemble the same force dependence on inter-pulse intervals that is seen in biological muscles. We present an analysis of the maximum force output of BPAs as a function of pulse length and pulse timing, illustrating a discernible pattern of force augmentation related to pulse durations and inter-pulse gaps. The pulse lengths tested were 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ms. In these tests, two pulses were provided to the artificial muscles with varying inter-pulse intervals, ranging from 500 ms to 1 ms. The force and pressure in the muscles were recorded during the pulses. The corresponding max recorded forces were 71, 105, 136, 158, 182, 204, and 205 N. When these max forces were normalized by the force the muscle produced under a single short pulse, the max forces were 3.55, 3.38, 3.16, 2.63, 2.52, 2.41, and 2.2, respectively. Our findings suggest that using artificial muscles with a bio-inspired pulse-based control scheme may provide increased biomimetic capabilities when compared to other control schemes, with the maximum force being recorded with a pulse gap interval of approximately 27 ms, regardless of the pulse duration. The experimental design did not include a full factorial test, and the scope of our claims is limited to the specific pulse durations and gaps tested. Future research should explore a wider range of pulse combinations to fully understand the optimal control strategies for BPAs.