This paper comprehensively studies the scheduling optimization strategy of heliostat fields in tower solar power plants, analyzes the key characteristics of heliostat technology, and the influencing factors of optical efficiency by constructing an optical efficiency calculation model. Furthermore, the paper proposes a scheduling optimization scheme for heliostat fields based on the optical efficiency model, and verifies the effectiveness of the optimization strategy through simulation and simulation. Through in-depth analysis of practical application cases, the significant effects of optimization measures in improving optical efficiency, increasing power generation, and reducing operation and maintenance costs are demonstrated. In addition, cost–benefit analysis reveals that although implementing optimization strategies requires certain initial investment, due to efficiency improvement and cost savings, the investment payback period is significantly shortened, proving the economic feasibility of the strategy. This study provides scientific basis and practical guidance for efficiency optimization and cost control of tower solar power plants.