To facilitate the nation's pursuit of the ‘double carbon’ target and enhance the capacity of forest carbon sequestration and oxygen generation, an investigation was conducted in the Linkou Forestry Bureau of Heilongjiang Province. The assessment encompassed carbon sequestration and oxygen production, leading to the development of a regression model tailored to vegetation types. This model also incorporated forest canopy density and forest age as key variables. Our findings indicate a linear increase in carbon sequestration and oxygen production rates across three vegetation types. Coniferous forests exhibited the highest growth rate in terms of carbon sequestration and oxygen release, based on linear regression analysis. As forest canopy density varied, carbon sequestration and oxygen production initially increased but then declined. The nonlinear regression model revealed a peak in carbon sequestration and oxygen production at a canopy density ranging from 0.68 to 0.69. When examining the effect of forest age on the three vegetation types, coniferous forests continued to expand, surpassing both broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous-broadleaved forests. Therefore, in reforestation and afforestation projects, the selection of coniferous species could boost the forest's carbon sequestration and oxygen generation capacity. Additionally, thinning operations could be implemented in areas with dense canopies, favoring the planting of broad-leaved species.