In the article, modern problems and priorities of the sustainable development of the ecological-economic system in the oil sector are studied. In the context of sustainable development in different world countries, progressive concepts and activity examples of the oil industry are researched. Measures and approaches taken to protect the environment in oil producing countries are summarized. The reasons for the deterioration of the ecological balance because of oil production are discussed. Principles and priorities for action for the maximum functional and efficient organization of the ecological-economic system are stated. The importance of environmental factors in the activities of oil enterprises is emphasized. The development of Azerbaijan as an oil country and its role in this sector in the world are evaluated. The history and economic importance of the applied oil strategy are elucidated. Measures taken to improve the ecological condition in our country are analyzed. Priority tasks and impact mechanisms are specified in order to prevent environmental pollution and reduce the amount of waste that creates heat effect in the atmosphere. The environmental policy, activities and measures taken to protect the ecological balance of State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR), the largest oil company in the region, are reviewed and evaluated. Innovative mechanisms implemented in SOCAR are explained. Ways of solving existing problems and priority targets for the development of the ecological-economic system in the oil field are determined. It is mentioned that fuzzy logic may be applied for data analysis related to expenses for environmental protection amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere in the oil field and other attributes.