In the context of globalized value chains, the importance of social accounting has surged as a means to assess and manage the social and environmental impacts of business activities. This article explores the significance of social accounting within this context, beginning with the implications of globalization on business practices. It then discusses the role of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a framework for addressing social and environmental challenges within these chains. The objective of this article is to identify key reasons why companies and their supply chains should adopt social accounting practices. Through literature analysis and conceptual exploration, this study identifies strategic advantages, including enhanced transparency, stakeholder engagement, and alignment with broader organizational goals, highlighting the imperative for businesses to integrate social accounting into their operations in an increasingly interconnected global landscape.