This work explores the realm of piezoelectric materials and composites, addressing both the challenges and potential sustainable alternatives. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), a prominent piezoelectric material, faces limitations such as brittleness and environmental concerns due to lead content. To overcome these challenges, the integration of polymers into piezoelectric composites is investigated. Polymers offer mechanical flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and ease of processing, making them suitable for applications in sensors and actuators. The exploration extends to biodegradable polymers as matrices for piezoelectric ceramics, addressing concerns about environmental sustainability. Key examples include cellulose, starch, chitosan, and polyhydroxyalkanoates. The study also discusses the importance of the poling process in aligning polarization vectors and explores innovative techniques for enhancing electrical conductivity and dielectric properties in piezoelectric composites. Overall, the present work explores the complex landscape of piezoelectric materials, confirming the potential of biodegradable polymers to pave the way for sustainable and eco-conscious technological advancements in the field, contributing to a greener future.