Metallic materials play a pivotal role in various industrial sectors due to their exceptional properties and wide-ranging applications. This chapter provides an extensive analysis of the mechanical and physical qualities that come from the processing methods used to create metallic materials, as well as a thorough assessment of those methods. The processing techniques covered in this discussion include both liquid state and solid state modern procedures. The effects of each approach on phase composition, defect formation, microstructure, and grain size are assessed, as these factors have a major impact on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials. The purpose of this chapter is to help researchers, engineers, and practitioners understand the relationships between metallic materials’ processing, structure, and properties. This will enable the development of advanced materials with customized properties for a range of applications in the engineering, aerospace, automotive, and other industries.