This chapter presents a brief introduction to the section on “engineering materials”. Engineering materials are the fundamental building blocks of modern civilization, playing a pivotal role in almost every aspect of our daily lives. These materials are carefully designed and selected to meet specific performance criteria, ensuring the reliability and durability of various structures, machines, and devices. Engineering materials encompass a vast array of substances, each with unique properties and applications, and they can be broadly classified into metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Accordingly, this chapter will mainly focus on the raw materials and their types such as (e.g., ores, minerals, fossil fuels, biomass), extraction and processing, and refining of materials including refining process and techniques.