This chapter provides a research overview, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable development due to mid-twentieth-century realizations of Earth’s fragility. Highlighting environmental degradation from deforestation and fossil fuel consumption, it stresses the necessity for sustainable architecture. The chapter discusses the United Nations’ Agenda 2030 and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aimed at promoting global sustainable development. It introduces the research context: the Estremoz Anticline in Portugal, known for its marble quarries and substantial waste piles. The research aims to develop sustainable architectural strategies by reusing existing materials, preserving the site’s identity, and transforming it into a multifunctional space with aesthetic and cultural value. The chapter outlines the research structure: the introduction and background of the quarries, the analysis of landscape mutation and quarry rehabilitation, and the development of practical waste reuse strategies in architecture. It defines key terms related to quarrying, discusses the industry’s landscape impact, and underscores the importance of sustainable development. Detailing a methodology for rehabilitating abandoned quarries using waste materials, the chapter promotes an interdisciplinary approach integrating planning, landscape, and architecture within a geological context. The research seeks to transform the Estremoz Anticline into a sustainable, attractive landscape, achieving long-term energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact.