Domestication is the automatic genetic response by a population to culture conditions and to management. As such, domestication selection is an analog of natural selection. Domestication selection is directed changes in gene frequencies that produces a population with increased hatchery fitness. Sometimes, the directed changes are unintentional; other times, they are intentional. Domestication is beneficial in food fish aquaculture, because these directed genetic changes create a population that is calmer, has improved feed conversion, grows faster, is more disease resistant, and easier to spawn; in other words, domestication selection increases the population’s hatchery fitness. However, domestication selection is undesired when raising fish for an aquaculture-assisted fisheries program because, by increasing the population’s hatchery fitness, it decreases its fitness in the wild. This culture-created decrease in wild fitness occurs, because there is a mismatch between the hatchery and wild environments, which means that there is a mismatch between the genes favored by domestication selection and those favored by natural selection. Not only will this affect post-augmentation survival, it can lower the fitness of the wild population following introgression. Consequently, minimizing domestication is the other half of genetic management that is needed when producing fish for aquaculture-assisted fisheries programs. Minimizing domestication is accomplished by raising the fish is an environment that resembles the wild environment where they will be stocked, and by using naturalized, extensive management that avoids all forms of intensive management, such as feeding formulated rations, high stocking densities, etc. Minimizing domestication is accomplished by using conservation aquaculture.