The contribution summarizes the preliminary results of a training and research project Italy-Argentina, stemming from the collaboration between the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Salerno and the Faculty of Arquitectura, Planeamiento y Diseño of the National University of Rosario, on the knowledge, protection, and recovery of Argentine heritage linked to the presence of Italian immigrants in South America in the early Twentieth century. Starting from an understanding of the construction and evolution of the concept of “heritage”, strongly linked in recent years to the construction of the social identity of a nation, the contribution focuses on the issue of the conservation and enhancement of Argentine cultural heritage and its role in relation to the definition of the national cultural identity. This is done through the case study of the Italian Club in Rosario, an emblematic work in the construction of the city’s identity in relation to Italian influences.