Geographical indications protect products whose quality, reputation and other characteristics are attributable to their geographical origins. Their recognition as intellectual property rights (IPR) by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has established a legal framework against imitation and illicit appropriation of their names, thus contributing to the development of initiatives for the recognition of products under GI on an international scale, particularly in the countries of the Southern Mediterranean. Through the case of Algeria, we show the specific complexity of setting up a labelling system by quality signs related to origin. Our study is based on the analysis of the process of setting up the GI for Deglet Nour dates of Tolga in order to identify the key success factors as well as the obstacles to this labelling. To do this, a documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results of the analysis show that the obstacles to the success of this labelling are mainly institutional and organisational. On the one hand, the institutional framework is finalised but reveals limitations, particularly in the accreditation process of certifying bodies. On the other hand, the governance and management mechanisms of the label do not currently seem to constitute a strong incentive for the actors in the  value chain, particularly for the implementation of marketing strategies.