The neurological examination (NE) of the newborn is a basic criterion of its extrauterine life. Simultaneously, a station that will mark the future course of his life, both in terms of organically and development. The neurological assessment includes a detailed medical and pregnancy history, and a full neurological examination, such as evaluating motor and sensory function. Assessing the status of the cranial nerves; testing from primitive reflexes and atypical responses or other neurodevelopmental pathologies. A reexamination after 3–4 days is essential. NE can help to identify newborns with central and peripheral nervous system involvement and accurate knowledge of the newborn’s gestational age is important. This chapter described particularly the newborn neurological examination and his future.