Governance arrangements within organizations, notably internal audit and the audit committee, occupy a crucial position within corporate structures. Given the significant allocation of resources to these functions, their contribution to corporate resilience is of paramount importance. Against this backdrop, this study unveils an in-depth analysis of the relationship between internal audit and corporate resilience using an econometric panel data approach on a cohort of 61 listed companies over the period 2017–2022. The results highlight several key factors that influence companies’ ability to cope with challenges and maintain operational stability. In this respect, the results show that the independence of internal audit, the size of internal audit and the assessment of the risk management process have a positive and significant impact on company resilience. These results have concrete implications for companies wishing to improve their ability to cope with disruption and sustain their operational efficiency in a constantly changing environment.