The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges, necessitating innovative approaches to combat viral transmission and mitigate its impact on public health. Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool in this battle, offering promising solutions across various fronts. This chapter explores the significant role of nanotechnology, particularly focusing on nanocomposites, in addressing key aspects of the pandemic. Nanocomposites, characterized by their nanostructured morphology and multifunctional properties, have garnered increasing attention for their potential applications in addressing various pandemic-related challenges. Researchers have explored diverse possibilities to develop novel nanocomposite-based strategies targeting different aspects of COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, which include nanocomposite coatings, membranes, filters, and drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology has revolutionized the design of face masks and personal protective equipment (PPE), enhancing their efficacy in preventing COVID-19 transmission. Nanocomposite coatings integrating metals, i.e., copper and silver, into polymer matrices offer durable and effective antiviral surfaces, despite challenges such as limited coating lifespan. Here, we also highlighted the advancements in light-activated nanocoatings for surface disinfection, utilizing mineral nanocrystals and chemically modified metals to attain strong antimicrobial and antiviral properties when exposed to low-intensity visible light. Additionally, nanotechnology-enabled air purifiers and filters play a crucial role in reducing viral load in indoor environments, mitigating the risk of airborne transmission. Overall, research on nanocomposites related to the COVID-19 pandemic represents an expanding field with vast potential to revolutionize prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, offering hope in the ongoing battle against this global health crisis.