This chapter dwells on Indigenous communities of Africa as the owners of Indigenous knowledge in Africa. A central objective of this chapter is to determine whether they are recognised as juridical units in the political communities that they are part of and therefore able to manage their Indigenous property like communal land tenure in African states. There is an uneasy tension that is explored throughout this book of the tension between recognising Indigenous communities of origin as the owners of their Indigenous knowledge and the paternalistic oversight of African states who either imagine that these communities are unable to protect their rights or that the national interest requires that state regulatory institutions manage access to Indigenous knowledge in trust and on behalf of Indigenous communities of origin.