Food availability remains a pressing issue across the African continent, with millions of people facing chronic hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity. The purpose of the chapter was to provide an overview of the key barriers to achieving food security in Africa, including environmental degradation, climate change, population growth, poverty, conflict, and inadequate infrastructure. Environmental degradation mostly driven by unsustainable agricultural practices and deforestation threatens the productivity of arable land and freshwater resources, undermining agricultural production and food availability. Meanwhile, climate change further exacerbates food insecurity by altering rainfall patterns, increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and disrupting agricultural livelihoods. Population growth, coupled with rapid urbanization, strains food systems and exacerbates competition for land, water, and resources. Persistent poverty and inequality limit access to nutritious food, healthcare, and education, perpetuating cycles of malnutrition and food insecurity. Conflict and instability in several regions of Africa disrupt food production, distribution, and access, leading to acute humanitarian crises and displacement. Inadequate infrastructure, including transportation networks, storage facilities, and market systems, hinders the efficient movement of food and exacerbates food losses and waste. Addressing food security challenges in Africa requires holistic and integrated approaches that prioritize sustainable agricultural development, climate resilience, poverty alleviation, conflict resolution, and investments in infrastructure and social services. Collaboration between governments, civil society organizations, international agencies, and the private sector is essential to implement policies and interventions that promote food security.