In this chapter, we summarise the topo-optical reactions performed on various amyloid deposits. The Congo-red staining was performed as described by Romhányi, using a 0.1% aqueous Congo red solution covered with gum arabic after rinsing in distilled water. In this way, we were able to eliminate the birefringence of the collagen fibres so that only the amyloid showed birefringence, in a green polarized colour, at the optimal section thickness between 2 and 4 μm. PAS, mPAS, sialic acid and O-acyl sialic acid–specific topo-optical reactions were used to detect the sugar and sialic acid components. We demonstrated the birefringence of amyloid with quinoline dyes. The CEC and CIB reactions were used to demonstrate the glycosaminoglycan components and the ordering of amyloid deposits. In the pH range of the toluidine blue topo-optical staining reaction (pH 1–7.4), the sign of the amyloid birefringence is linear positive for an additive topo-optical reaction up to pH 3.20. Above pH 3.20, the sign of the birefringence is linear negative, showing an inverse topo-optical reaction. The removal of the different components of amyloid deposits was demonstrated via chemical (acid and alkaline) hydrolysis.