Dialectics represents both a mode of thought and a methodological approach that conceptualizes reality as inherently dynamic, unfolding through ongoing processes of change driven by internal contradictions. With roots in various ancient traditions of thought, dialectics was later developed within classical German philosophy and in Marxism. Lev Vygotsky was a pioneering figure in applying dialectical method to psychology, emphasizing the cultural-historical and developmental nature of the higher mental functions. Building on the Soviet and Marxist legacies, Klaus Riegel and Klaus Holzkamp further advanced a dialectical reconceptualization of psychological development. By challenging the “cult of empiricism,” reductionism, and static conceptual models, dialectics offers a powerful methodological framework for investigating psychological processes as dynamic, relational, and sociohistorically situated.