The ideomotor principle—first proposed in 1852 and further advanced by William James in 1890—has been extended significantly by recent cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience studies. Theoretical models presented by this neo-Jamesian ideomotor theory (NIT), and empirical results supporting these models, are reviewed in this article. Some of the very productive theoretical and application extensions of these models and results are also presented. These extensions, and the ability of NIT to integrate multiple aspects of 4E cognition, indicate that this theoretical approach is set to significantly advance our understanding of human behavior and cognition.