Anthropology of knowledge (AK) deals with how humans in diverse types of societies and groups handle knowledge. Knowledge is usually defined broadly and includes explicit and implicit understanding and skills. Typically, the concrete social processes and underpinnings for the change and transmission of knowledge are considered as are the variation and distribution of knowledge in populations. AK considers interactions at, and between, different levels (e.g., individuals, groups, and nations). It is foremost based in social anthropology and uses social anthropological approaches and methods, such as fieldwork. It tends to be multi- and cross-disciplinary, drawing on different branches of psychology, social studies of science, cognitive science, and evolutionary theory. This entry reviews the area of AK, with an emphasis on key texts by anthropologist Malcolm Crick, science historian Yehuda Elkana, and anthropologist Fredrik Barth. In addition, various debates concerning AK and its challenges and possibilities are discussed.