This article presents a concise overview of the concepts of Id, Ego, and Superego as dynamic structures in continuous clinical and theoretical development within the work of Sigmund Freud. These structures constitute what he called the second topography, or structural model, aimed at describing the agents in dynamic interaction within the functioning of the psychic apparatus. We also seek to show how this second topography was constructed in overlap with the first—unconscious, conscious, and preconscious—both articulated in Freud’s theoretical and clinical observations. Finally, we explore the enduring relevance of the structural model for contemporary psychoanalytic practice and theory, emphasizing its potential for interdisciplinary dialogue and for addressing current forms of subjectivity, suffering, and psychic life today.