This chapter critically examines the historical evolution and contemporary reconfigurations of the concept of humanism. Tracing its philosophical origins from the Renaissance to the present, it explores central debates surrounding the concept, including existentialist, structuralist, feminist, and decolonial critiques. Through engagement with thinkers such as Sartre, Heidegger, and contemporary scholars, the chapter highlights tensions between ideals of human autonomy and the limitations inherent in Eurocentric conceptions of subjectivity. It also considers the legacy and critique of humanism within psychology, with particular emphasis on humanistic psychology. By problematizing the exclusionary dimensions of traditional humanism, the chapter underscores the importance of developing more inclusive and pluralistic approaches. It concludes by proposing a critical reappropriation of humanism—situated, relational, and attuned to alterity and vulnerability—as a valuable framework for addressing global challenges and fostering ethical-political commitments to justice and solidarity.