Animal psychology is the scientific study of the mental processes and behavior of nonhuman animals. It encompasses a range of topics, including perception, learning, memory, emotion, communication, problem-solving, and social behavior. Drawing from disciplines such as psychology, biology, ethology, and neuroscience, animal psychology investigates how animals interact with their environments, conspecifics, and other species, including humans. This research contributes to our understanding of the evolutionary origins of cognition and the variation of mental capacities across the animal kingdom.