This chapter demonstrates that tax, trade, and investment policy instruments can contribute to the achievement of the SDGs in four ways. Tax and trade and investment policy instruments reach different individuals and companies and target different behaviours and interests. This means that these policy instruments can either cancel or reinforce each other, making it important to understand the interaction between different policy instruments. To achieve the SDGs, governments should therefore use a combination of these policy instruments, while keeping in mind that policy coherence is crucial.