Lignin is the structural substance of wood or woody plants and accounts for approximately 30% of all non-fossil organic carbon on Earth. In paper industry, technical lignin is produced in large quantities, either as kraft lignin or lignosulfonate, depending on the process. The largest part of the obtained technical lignin is however burned for energy recovery. Furthermore, lignin is also obtained as organosolvlignin in biorefineries, albeit still in pilot scale only. As a biopolymer composed of phenolic components, lignin has a structural similarity to synthetic phenol–formaldehyde resins. The substitution of components of such resins by lignin is therefore an obvious research approach. This creates opportunities for partly bio-based adhesives for many applications, as phenolic resins are for example used to bond plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), mineral wool, and more. Although many examples of lignin modified phenolic adhesives can be found in scientific literature, the implementation in industrial processes is very rare. One of the main reasons is not the quality of the adhesives as such, but the occurrence of technical difficulties upon upscaling from laboratory to industrial scale when working with powdered lignin. Typical problems comprise powder deposits due to static electricity, poor powder flow, blockages in pipes and/or filters, excessive dissolution times, and sedimentations. In order to overcome these difficulties, phenol/lignin blends were developed that allow the synthesis of lignophenolic resins for numerous applications on industrial scale. The suitability for these resins to be used to bond wood was demonstrated with the examples plywood and laminated veneer lumber, whereas the suitability for usage as a technical resin was demonstrated on glass fibre.

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Blend Technology to Enable Lignophenolic Resins on Industrial Scale

  • Peter Bliem,
  • Wilfried Sailer-Kronlachner,
  • Hendrikus W. G. van Herwijnen

摘要

Lignin is the structural substance of wood or woody plants and accounts for approximately 30% of all non-fossil organic carbon on Earth. In paper industry, technical lignin is produced in large quantities, either as kraft lignin or lignosulfonate, depending on the process. The largest part of the obtained technical lignin is however burned for energy recovery. Furthermore, lignin is also obtained as organosolvlignin in biorefineries, albeit still in pilot scale only. As a biopolymer composed of phenolic components, lignin has a structural similarity to synthetic phenol–formaldehyde resins. The substitution of components of such resins by lignin is therefore an obvious research approach. This creates opportunities for partly bio-based adhesives for many applications, as phenolic resins are for example used to bond plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), mineral wool, and more. Although many examples of lignin modified phenolic adhesives can be found in scientific literature, the implementation in industrial processes is very rare. One of the main reasons is not the quality of the adhesives as such, but the occurrence of technical difficulties upon upscaling from laboratory to industrial scale when working with powdered lignin. Typical problems comprise powder deposits due to static electricity, poor powder flow, blockages in pipes and/or filters, excessive dissolution times, and sedimentations. In order to overcome these difficulties, phenol/lignin blends were developed that allow the synthesis of lignophenolic resins for numerous applications on industrial scale. The suitability for these resins to be used to bond wood was demonstrated with the examples plywood and laminated veneer lumber, whereas the suitability for usage as a technical resin was demonstrated on glass fibre.