Grave Concerns: The Complexity of Recovery, Documentation, and the Study of Funerary Textiles from Ancient Egyptian Inhumations at Saqqara
摘要
Ancient Egyptians were renowned textile manufacturers and users, as evident in art and funerary contexts. Linen was used extensively during mummification and body preparation for burial, resulting in rich artefactual assemblages preserved by the dry and hot climate of the Nile Valley, as seen in a multi-period cemetery at Saqqara. Inhumations from the late Old Kingdom/First Intermediate Period and Graeco-Roman Period contain linen textiles for a variety of uses; from body fillers and padding to mummy wrappings and coffin linings. Similar to portable goods, the varying quality and quantities of the textiles used in individual burials can serve as an indicator of personal/family wealth and social standing of the deceased. Methodical examination and recording of the pattern of linen application and external decoration can reveal temporal and spatial trends and traditions in body treatment. Using the Saqqara case studies, this paper aims to demonstrate the complexity of recovery, documentation, and the study of textiles from ancient Egyptian burial contexts, and to emphasize the need for a field textile recording protocol to standardize archaeological practices moving forward.