Protocol for the Excavation, Care, and In Situ Analysis of Funerary Textiles in Arid Contexts: Perspectives from Ancient Sudan and Egypt
摘要
The discovery of textiles on archaeological excavations is rare and, for this reason, tends to be a little bit of a surprise for the archaeologists, who do not always feel prepared to handle this type of organic material. The situation is further complicated when textiles are found in very close connection to human remains. The complexity of such assemblages, fragile and in diverse states of preservation and decomposition, can be overwhelming. Each type of material requires a different study protocol, follows a different approach, and involves different specialists, whose priorities might not always align. However, in specific kinds of environment, cases of well-preserved body wrappings are relatively frequent and it is a good idea to establish a work model that fits the goals of archaeologists, anthropologists, and the different material specialists. A group of diverse experts has elaborated the present protocol for the in situ analysis of funerary textiles with this goal in mind, and we hope it can serve as a useful guide for different field practitioners. Since textiles and other organic materials are preserved according to very different principles depending on the local climatic conditions, we chose to focus this protocol on a particular group: desiccated remains from arid regions. As examples, we have selected two naturally mummified bodies found in Sudanese Nubia, on Sai Island, dated to the Meroitic period (c. 100-200 CE). The protocol comprised models of workflow from the discovery to the post-excavation phase and detailed descriptions of different recording methods, as well as a practical guide for the storage of textiles in an excavation setting.