Despite early optimism that the Internet would reduce race-related issues, scholars have observed that online racism is a significant threat to public health, much like its offline counterpart. This chapter provides a review of the current state of research on online racism and its impact on youth of color (children, adolescents, and young adults). The chapter argues that we are currently experiencing a second nadir of race relations, characterized by the algorithmic amplification of racism and white supremacy. The chapter first outlines models of online racism that have advanced our understanding of its nature. Next, the chapter highlights the adverse effects of online racism on the health and well-being of youth of color and presents how online racism has been measured and investigated across a range of studies. The chapter concludes by highlighting current limitations and providing directions for future research activities related to online racism. Finally, this chapter provides practical recommendations for researchers, the tech industry, policymakers, and practitioners that focus on the impact of online racism on youth of color’s development. Overall, the chapter underscores the importance of addressing online racism as a critical issue and calls for continued research and action to mitigate its harmful effects.