Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine resulted in the largest forced migration wave since the end of World War II. The Council of the EU reacted to a mass influx of Ukrainians by enacting the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD). While the TPD sets the minimum standards of rights to be attributed to the beneficiaries of collective protection, the practices of the directives’ implementation vary across the member states. The chapter uses the multi-level governance (MLG) perspective to take stock of such variation at the EU, national, and subnational levels, utilising examples from Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, and Sweden. It demonstrates that the variation in TPD implementation practices at the national and subnational levels influences refugees’ life choices and trajectories and thus exerts multifaceted implications on both the EU’s and Ukraine’s policies. The chapter examines such implications in light of Ukraine’s EU accession process and EU support for Ukraine’s reconstruction. It finds that the EU-Ukraine cooperation on ‘dual intent’ solutions for Ukrainian collective protection holders to be a promising way to ensure their participation in Ukraine’s reconstruction.