The issue of the bi-directional relationship between science and cinema is addressed here within the framework of a philosophico-methodological approach and the perspective of complexity. (1) It is a relationship that, analyzed as two human activities of a social character, can be approached in theoretical, practical, and heuristic terms. (2) The study of the bidirectional relationship between science and cinema begins at the most fundamental level (the relationship between science and technology, which makes cinema possible) and then moves on to the sciences of the artificial and the social sciences. Considering the problem of the relationship from the point of view of science, it is necessary to take into account the modalities of basic, applied, and application research. This implies dealing with complexity, in its three aspects: structural, dynamic, and pragmatic. (3) The chapter then goes deeper into how the combination of science and technology makes it possible to have cinema, which is de facto a social institution. (4) The contribution of the sciences of the artificial should be highlighted since it appears in two different facets: as material sciences and as sciences of design. (5) The influence of the social sciences on cinema as social institution is multivariate. At the same time, cinema is a human activity that offers a representation of science and is a human activity intertwined with other human activities of the viewers, who have a perception of scientific activity. By these two routes, cinema can influence science. (6) The analysis carried out allows us to have a series of relevant elements for the new framework of the relationship between scientific activity and cinematographic activity (which is very diverse and includes artistic creativity, as well as scientific creativity and technological innovation).