This chapter characterizes Iran’s 23 species, grouped into 14 genera, and seven families of amphibians and presents the standard names (translated scientific name into English), ecoregions, global and national distributions, most important habitats, ranges of elevation, morphological characteristics, and modes of reproduction for each species. The amphibians of Iran are distributed widely throughout the country except for arid regions like the Lut Desert. The Caspian Hyrcanian Forest and the Zagros Mountains are home to many endemic amphibian species, and most parts of these areas are situated within Iran’s borders; appropriate action should be taken to safeguard these areas. Iranian amphibian species are threatened by multiple factors, including ongoing loss of habitat, especially anthropogenic fragmentation, alteration, and destruction of natural habitats, the drought of aquatic habitats, dam building, overexploitation of water resources, and pollution of the water caused by pesticides used in agricultural fields along riverbanks. Additionally, parasite infections and mortality on roads are concerns for the survival of some species.