The West Bank and the Gaza Strip (GS) are in the southeastern part of the Mediterranean, riparian to Israel in the west, Jordan kingdom in the east, and the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) south of the GS. Similarly to Israeli, these territories function as a biogeographical corridor between Africa and Eurasia. The freshwater fauna of the West Bank and GS contain species with African, Asian, Eurasian, and Arabic zoogeographic origins, although some of the amphibians that are found in Israel are absent from the West Bank. The freshwater systems in this West Bank and GS are also subjected to frequent seasonal and long-term fluctuations in the level of water. Seasonal pools are characterized by a relatively short hydroperiod. Streams’ natural flow is altered because of withdrawal of water for anthropogenic use. The geological structure (mainly in mountains) results in a relatively high abundance of springs, most of them characterized by a low discharge, releasing water only during the winter. Climatic changes generated an increase in aridity and rates of evaporation, which additionally have decreased the quality of natural freshwater ecosystems.