Natural fibers and biodegradable polymers can be combined to produce sustainable composite materials. This study investigates the mechanical and tribological properties of biodegradable composites made from polylactic acid (PLA) and hemp fiber. The PLA-hemp biodegradable composites are manufactured by compression molding with a hemp fiber content of 5, 10, and 15 wt. %. In this study, mechanical properties, including tensile, flexural, and impact properties, of developed composites are comprehensively investigated. Tribological testing was performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer to evaluate the coefficient of friction-specific wear rate with normal load (10, 20, and 30 N), sliding velocity (2 m/s), and sliding distance (1800 mm), respectively. Finite element analysis (FEA) is done to structurally evaluate the developed composite. In comparison with other compositions, hemp fiber content of 10 wt. % shows excellent mechanical and tribological performance. Furthermore, the morphology of wear surfaces as studied through SEM further supports this conclusion. According to the results of the tribology investigation, the coefficient of friction reduces as the loading and fiber content change. A more seamless and uniform dispersion of the PLA–hemp composite can be noticed for the 10 wt. % hemp fiber components.